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Łódź, Botanical Garden
Native to most of Europe and into Anatolia and Iran.
Edible plant - seeds cooked;
seeds chopped and roasted is used as an almond substitute; dried, grained and roasted seeds are a coffee substitute; an edible gum is obtained from the bark.
Herbal plant - bark is the part of the plant that is most commonly used, though other parts such as the galls, seeds and seed cups are also sometimes used; a decoction or infusion is astringent, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic, styptic and haemostatic; when taken internally treat conditions such as acute diarrhea, dysentery and haemorrhages.
Useful plant - the wood is heavy, hard and durable with small grain; galls are used as a source of tannins.